问题背景：
在使用yum命令安装软件包时，经常会遇到 “Protected multilib versions” 错误，这是由于当前系统启用了需要保护软件库完整性的特征导致的。本文将提供一些解决此问题的完整攻略。
步骤一：查询当前活动的保护特征
要解决yum安装报错“Protected multilib versions”的问题，我们必须先查询当前活动的保护特征。执行以下命令：
$ grep protect /etc/yum.conf
如果有输出，则表明保护特征被启用。结果如下所示：
protect=1
步骤二：停用保护特征
要停用保护特征，请编辑/etc/yum.conf文件，并将其设置为“0”，执行以下命令：
$ sudo nano /etc/yum.conf
定位到protect行，并将其值更改为0，如下所示：
[main]
gpgcheck=1
installonly_limit=5
clean_requirements_on_remove=true
best=True
#针对保护特征
protect=0
保存文件并退出nano编辑器。
步骤三：清除缓存
清除旧的yum缓存，以确保系统能够重新生成缓存以反映新的设置。执行以下命令：
$ sudo yum clean all
步骤四：再次安装软件包
现在，我们可以使用yum命令安装我们所需的软件包了。
示例1：安装htop工具
$ sudo yum install htop
输出：
Loaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-
: manager
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package htop.x86_64 0:2.2.0-3.el8 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: ncurses-compat-libs for package: htop-2.2.0-3.el8.
x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package ncurses-compat-libs.x86_64 0:6.1-7.20180224.el8 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
===============================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository
Size
===============================================================================
Installing:
htop x86_64 2.2.0-3.el8 baseos 113 k
Installing dependencies:
ncurses-compat-libs x86_64 6.1-7.20180224.el8 baseos 78 k
Transaction Summary
===============================================================================
Install 2 Packages
Total download size: 191 k
Installed size: 465 k
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
(1/2): ncurses-compat-libs-6.1-7.20180224.el8.x86_64.rpm 59 kB/s | 78 kB 00:01
(2/2): htop-2.2.0-3.el8.x86_64.rpm 80 kB/s | 113 kB 00:01
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 50 kB/s | 191 kB 00:03
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/1
Installing : ncurses-compat-libs-6.1-7.20180224.el8.x86_64 1/2
Installing : htop-2.2.0-3.el8.x86_64 2/2
Running scriptlet: htop-2.2.0-3.el8.x86_64 2/2
Verifying : ncurses-compat-libs-6.1-7.20180224.el8.x86_64 1/2
Verifying : htop-2.2.0-3.el8.x86_64 2/2
Installed:
htop-2.2.0-3.el8.x86_64 ncurses-compat-libs-6.1-7.20180224.el8.x86_64
Complete!
示例2：安装tree工具
$ sudo yum install tree
输出：
Loaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-
: manager
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package tree.x86_64 0:1.8.0-14.el8 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
===============================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
===============================================================================
Installing:
tree x86_64 1.8.0-14.el8 baseos 56 k
Transaction Summary
===============================================================================
Install 1 Package
Total download size: 56 k
Installed size: 111 k
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
tree-1.8.0-14.el8.x86_64.rpm 280 kB/s | 56 kB 00:00
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 107 kB/s | 56 kB 00:00
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/1
Installing : tree-1.8.0-14.el8.x86_64 1/1
Verifying : tree-1.8.0-14.el8.x86_64 1/1
Installed:
tree-1.8.0-14.el8.x86_64
Complete!
现在，我们以root身份安装软件包而不会遇到“Protected multilib versions”错误，安装已成功完成。
注意：在完成操作后，请立即将颜色值更改为“protect=1”，并重新打开保护特征。
希望这篇文章能够帮助你解决“Protected multilib versions”的问题。